Throughout history, humans have engaged with mood-altering substances, tracing back to the Old Stone Age. These substances have played various roles in society, including religious, medicinal and recreational purposes with social norms dictating acceptable use. The definition of a drug varies widely, influenced by cultural and temporal contexts, encompassing anything from everyday caffeine to narcotics like heroin.

The World Health Organization defines a drug as any substance, excluding food, water and oxygen, that alters the body’s function either physically or psychologically. This broad definition acknowledges the pervasive role of drugs in human culture, where practices like social drinking or the ritual of morning coffee are normalised aspects of life. Addiction represents a maladaptive relationship with these substances or behaviors, where use becomes compulsive despite harmful consequences.

In addiction treatment, the focus narrows to substances known for their addictive potential, including both legal and illegal drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, prescription medications and illicit drugs like cocaine and heroin. These substances can lead to a dependency that disrupts physical and mental health, necessitating specialised intervention.

Addiction is recognised as a complex disease that alters brain chemistry and behaviour, reinforceing the challenge of overcoming dependency through sheer willpower. It’s a condition that demands comprehensive treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of understanding the multilayered nature of drug use and addiction in human society.

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Heartfelt appreciation

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