Opium, derived from the sap of the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum, has been used historically for its pain-relieving properties but also carries a high risk of addiction due to its euphoric effects. A primary source of narcotics like morphine, codeine and heroin, opium is cultivated from the milky fluid of unripe poppy seedpods and is available in various forms, including liquid, solid and powder. Its use dates back to as early as 5000 B.C. in the Mediterranean and it has been a significant trade commodity since the 7th century CE.

Opium trading, notably expanded by the Mughals and later by European colonial powers, led to widespread addiction, culminating in the Opium Wars in the 18th century. The 19th century saw a growing awareness of opium’s harmful effects, spurring an anti-opium movement and international legislative efforts to control its cultivation, distribution and consumption.

Opium’s effects on the mind and body include euphoria, relaxation, pain relief, constipation, dry mouth and risks of physical and psychological dependence, leading to a potential for overdose. Street names for opium include Ah-pen-yen, Aunti Emma, Big O and Chandoo, among others. Misuse often results in severe withdrawal symptoms, posing challenges in overcoming addiction without professional help.

In the addiction recovery community, terms like “opiate dependence” and “opiate use disorder” are commonly used to describe opium addiction or dependence on synthetic derivatives like heroin or prescription painkillers. Treatment approaches for opium addiction have evolved, incorporating detoxification, therapy and support groups, reflecting advances in addiction medicine and a better understanding of addiction’s underlying causes. These developments have led to more effective treatments and improved recovery outcomes for those seeking help.

Pain Relief Or Pleasurable Escape, Opium Walks A Fine Line

What are the historical uses of opium, and how do its euphoric effects contribute to the risk of addiction? Get help from qualified counsellors.

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