Seconal, a barbiturate drug developed in the United States in 1934 and known in the UK as quinalbarbitone, is used to treat epilepsy and insomnia. It possesses anesthetic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic properties. Although once frequently used in physician-assisted suicide in the U.S., Seconal has largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and has a notable history of abuse, often referred to as “red devils” or “reds” on the street. Recreationally used for its alcohol-like effects, Seconal can lead to increased tolerance, necessitating higher doses and raising overdose risks. Long-term use causes central nervous system depression, various health complications and potentially fatal withdrawal symptoms.

This drug is primarily used for treating epilepsy, managing temporary insomnia and as a preoperative medication to induce anesthesia and anxiolysis in minimally painful procedures. Seconal is available in 100 mg sodium salt capsules, a soluble white hygroscopic powder.

Ownership of Seconal’s marketing rights has shifted multiple times, moving from Eli Lilly to Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals in 1998 and subsequently to Marathon Pharmaceuticals, Valeant Pharmaceuticals and finally Bausch Health, which ceased its production in January 2022.

Secobarbital, the active ingredient in Seconal, is a controlled substance with a high addiction potential. Prolonged use can lead to severe physical and psychological dependence. Addiction symptoms include strained relationships, self-neglect, anxiety, emotional instability, memory issues, restlessness and cognitive impairment, while abuse can result in impaired judgment, slurred speech, coordination problems, confusion and chronic drowsiness.

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