Stronger Effects From Familiar Substances Challenge Our Assumptions

Reverse tolerance or drug sensitization, refers to a situation where individuals experience stronger effects from a drug after using it multiple times. Unlike drug tolerance, where the body’s response weakens with repeated use, reverse tolerance means a person could react more intensely, either positively or negatively to the same amount of a substance.

This concept doesn’t apply to every drug but is noteworthy in the context of substances like alcohol. Initially, heavy alcohol use might lead to tolerance, requiring greater quantities to feel its effects. However over time and possibly due to liver damage, these individuals might find even small amounts of alcohol causing significant intoxication. Interestingly, while users may become sensitized to alcohol’s euphoric effects, they don’t similarly sensitize to its sedative or respiratory depressing effects. This type of sensitization doesn’t happen with certain other drugs, such as benzodiazepines or neuroactive steroids, which tend to lessen in effect with regular use.

Stimulants like cocaine or amphetamines can also exhibit reverse tolerance. For regular users, doses that were once recreational might provoke psychosis and those who’ve experienced psychosis before are at higher risk of encountering it again, even at lower doses, if they continue using the drug.

Additionally, the term drug sensitization can describe strategies, such as taking a break from the drug (a “drug holiday”) to mitigate the diminished effects caused by tolerance.

Reverse tolerance can manifest with a variety of substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opiates, cannabis and amphetamines. The onset of reverse tolerance varies; some individuals might notice it after a single use, while for others, it might emerge after years of continuous consumption. An example of this phenomenon is seen in long-term cannabis users who find that lower doses of the drug achieve effects that previously required more substantial amounts. However, the mechanics behind reverse tolerance are not entirely understood and its occurrence with drugs beyond those mentioned remains a possibility.

The Most Common Substace For Reverse Tolerance is Alcohol

Drinking excessively over time increases alcohol tolerance, necessitating higher consumption to achieve previous effects, which can be harmful by rendering medications ineffective, increasing other drugs’ toxicity and posing additional risks. This heightened tolerance sparks alcohol dependence, as individuals consume more to feel the desired effects, potentially leading to a state where alcohol hardly impacts them, directly contributing to dependency.

Alcohol dependence may lead to reverse tolerance, where liver damage inhibits enzyme production needed for alcohol breakdown, causing quicker intoxication.

Managing alcohol tolerance through reduced consumption or total abstinence can naturally reverse tolerance, avoiding liver damage. Support is crucial for maintaining sobriety offering motivation and resources for those seeking to reduce or eliminate alcohol intake, especially for those experiencing reverse tolerance and aiming for recovery.

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