Pharmacotherapy refers to the practice of treating health issues with drugs that are prescribed by doctors. When it comes to treating drug addiction, this method involves using a legal, prescribed drug to replace the one causing the addiction.
Incorporating prescribed medications into a broader treatment strategy can significantly aid in managing withdrawal symptoms, reducing cravings for the drug and decreasing the likelihood of its use. Specifically, opioid pharmacotherapy combines medication with counselling and behaviour therapies to address opioid addiction.
There are several terms associated with opioid pharmacotherapy, including Medication Assisted Treatment for Opioid Dependence (MATOD), Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST), Opioid Maintenance Program (OMT), Opioid Replacement Therapy (ORT), Opioid Agonist Medication (OAM) and Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT).
Opioids, which can be natural or synthetic, are derived from the opium poppy. They encompass a range of substances from prescription painkillers, known as opioid pain medications to illegal drugs like heroin. Common opioids include codeine, fentanyl, heroin, morphine and oxycodone. The misuse of opioids, whether through the non-prescribed use of pharmaceutical opioids or the use of illegal opioids like heroin, often leads to significant harm.
Pharmacotherapy in terms of addiction refers to the use of medications to help individuals overcome their addiction. Medications used in pharmacotherapy can work in various ways. Some medications help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms making it easier to abstain from drug or alcohol use. Others block the euphoric effects of certain substances or deter its usage by inducing unpleasant side effects when combined with the substance. Each medication targets a specific type of addiction, such as opioids, alcohol or nicotine.
Medication use in addiction treatment, backed by extensive research and clinical evidence, is a long-established practice. However, it is typically part of a broader treatment plan that includes counselling and behavioural therapies.
The decision to include pharmacotherapy in treatment is made after consulting with addiction medicine specialists, taking into account the individual’s specific addiction, medical history and personal needs to determine the most suitable medication and dosage. It’s important to understand that pharmacotherapy isn’t a standalone cure for addiction; it’s a supportive tool. Successful long-term recovery also depends on commitment to the treatment plan, ongoing support and lifestyle changes.
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Rehab care is a good option if you are at risk of experiencing strong withdrawal symptoms when you try stop a substance. This option would also be recommended if you have experienced recurrent relapses or if you have tried a less-intensive treatment without success.
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